ABSTRACT
Maternal health remains a pressing public health concern in the Philippines, particularly in rural and economically disadvantaged communities where preventable complications during pregnancy and childbirth persist. This study aimed to determine how economic and social conditions affect the health of mothers during pregnancy and childbirth in Barangay San Diego, Lian, Batangas. Specifically, it examined the respondents’ demographic profile, prevailing economic conditions (access to prenatal and postnatal healthcare services, affordability of medical and birthing-related expenses, employment status and maternity benefits, and household income stability), prevailing social conditions (family and community support, awareness and education about maternal health, cultural beliefs and practices, and decision-making autonomy), significant differences in maternal health condition when grouped according to profile, and the relationship between economic and social conditions. The study also proposed an intervention program based on the findings.
A descriptive-qualitative research design was employed. Data were gathered from 300 mothers who had given birth within the last five years through a validated questionnaire (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.96). Statistical tools used included frequency and percentage distribution, weighted mean, standard deviation, t-test, and F-test. Results revealed that while mothers generally had access to prenatal services, postnatal check-up compliance and perceived adequacy of health facilities were areas of concern. Affordability of medical and birthing-related expenses was identified as a significant challenge, although government and insurance programs provided partial financial relief. Findings further indicated that socioeconomic factors such as income stability, employment status, and social support systems significantly influence maternal health experiences. The study concludes that economic constraints and social determinants remain critical barriers to optimal maternal health outcomes. Strengthening financial support mechanisms, improving healthcare accessibility, and enhancing community-based maternal health education are recommended to promote equitable and sustainable maternal healthcare delivery.
Keywords: maternal health, socioeconomic determinants, pregnancy, childbirth, rural healthcare, Philippines