ABSTRACT
This study examined the Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and work performance of job order employees in the Local Government Unit (LGU) of Libertad, Antique. Specifically, it assessed the levels of OCB in terms of sportsmanship, civic virtue, helping behavior, and organizational loyalty, and work performance in terms of quantity, quality, and timeliness. It further explored differences based on demographic variables and the relationship between OCB and work performance. A convergent mixed-methods design was employed, involving 86 job order employees and 10 interview participants. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were examined through thematic analysis. Results revealed a very high level of OCB across all dimensions and a strong positive relationship between OCB and work performance. Qualitative findings indicated that non-monetary factors such as workplace relationships, sense of belonging, and public service motivation drive employee behavior. The study concludes that OCB is a critical determinant of work performance and organizational effectiveness in LGUs. Implications for public sector human resource management are discussed.
Keywords: Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Work Performance, Job Order Employees, Public Administration, LGU
INTRODUCTION
Local Government Units (LGUs) play a fundamental role in the delivery of essential public services and the promotion of local development. The effectiveness of these institutions is largely dependent on the performance and behavior of their employees. While traditional perspectives emphasize technical competence and formal job responsibilities, contemporary organizational research highlights the importance of discretionary behaviors that contribute to overall organizational success.
These discretionary behaviors are collectively referred to as Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), which Organ (1988) defined as voluntary actions that are not formally required but significantly enhance organizational effectiveness. Such behaviors include assisting co-workers, maintaining professionalism in challenging situations, actively participating in organizational activities, and demonstrating commitment to institutional goals. In public sector environments, where employees often face limited resources and increasing service demands, these behaviors are particularly important in sustaining efficiency and effectiveness.
In the Philippine context, job order employees comprise a substantial portion of the workforce in many local government units. These employees are engaged under temporary arrangements and are typically not entitled to standard employment benefits or job security. Despite these limitations, many job order employees continue to demonstrate dedication and commitment to their roles. Existing literature suggests that such behaviors may be influenced by intrinsic motivation, workplace relationships, and a strong sense of public service (Perry and Wise, 1990; Gonzales and Delos Reyes, 2019).
The Municipality of Libertad, Antique provides a relevant setting for this study. The local government unit relies heavily on job order employees for both administrative and frontline service delivery. Their contributions have been instrumental in achieving organizational success and recognition. However, despite their significant role, job order employees remain underrepresented in empirical research, particularly in studies examining Organizational Citizenship Behavior and work performance.
This study aims to address this gap by examining the Organizational Citizenship Behavior and work performance of job order employees in the LGU of Libertad, Antique. It seeks to determine the levels of OCB and work performance, examine differences based on demographic characteristics, analyze the relationship between these variables, and explore employees lived experiences. The findings are expected to provide valuable insights for improving human resource management practices and enhancing public service delivery.
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